Election+of+1932

1932, Tuesday, November 8th Republican:Herbert Hoover/ Charles Curtis (Left) the Incumbent. The early candidates were John J. Blaine, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, Joseph I. France, and James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. vs. Democrat: Franklin Delano Roosevelt/ John Nance Gardner (Right) The early candidates were Franklin D. Roosevelt, Al Smith, and John Nance Garner.

__Prior Events:__

 * Women's right to vote- Passed by Congress on June 4, 1919 and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. Beginning in the mid-19th Century, several generations of woman suffrage supporters lectured, wrote, marched, lobbied, and practiced civil disobedience to achieve what many Americans considered a radical change of the constitution. Few early supporters lived to see final victory in 1920. Between 1878, when the amendment was first introduced in Congress, and August 18, 1920, when it was ratified, champions of voting rights for women worked tirelessly, but strategies for achieving the goal varied. Some pursued a strategy of passing suffrage acts in each state, nine western states adopted women suffrage legislation in 1912. By 1916, almost all of the major organizations were united behind the goal of a constitutional amendment. On May 21, 1919 the House of Representatives passed the amendment and two weeks later, the Senate followed. When Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the amendment on August 18, 1920, the amendment passed it final hurdle of obtaining agreement of three-fourths of the states.
 * "Booming Twenties"-The 1920’s have long been remembered as the roaring twenties, an era of unprecedented affluence best remembered through the cultural artifacts generated by its new mass-consumption economy: A Ford Model-T in every driveway, Amos n’ Andy on the radio and the first “talking” motion pictures at the cinema, baseball hero Babe Ruth in the ballpark and celebrity pilot Charles Lindbergh on the front of every newspaper. As a soaring stock market minted millionaires by the thousands, young Americans in the nations teeming cities rejected traditional social mores by embracing a modern urban culture of freedom- drinking illegally in speakeasies, dancing provocatively to the Charleston, listening to the rhythms of jazz music. [[image:grovesapush/roaring twenties.jpg]]
 * Stockmarket Crash 1929- By early 1929, people across the United States were scrambling to get into the stock market. The profits seemed so assured that even many companies placed money in the stock market. And even more problematically, some banks placed customer’s money in the stock market (unknown to the customers). On March 15, 1929 the stock market suffered a mini-crash. By the spring of 1929, steel production was down, house construction slowed and car sales waned. In the summer of 1929 stock market levels reached their highest levels to date. On September 5, prices started dropping, nothing too severe though, until Black Thursday. On October 24, 1929, stock prices plummeted. Vast numbers of people were selling their stocks. Margin calls were sent out. That afternoon a group of bankers pooled their money together and invested a large sum back into the stock market. This temporarily calmed the public. 12.9 million shares were sold that day- double the previous record. 4 days later, the stock market crashed again.
 * Great Depression- The Great Depression started in 1929. Hoover, the current president, was in the mindset that the economy would turn itself around given time. Voters did not agree that the economy would do that and they held Hoover personally responsible for the depression. The stock market crash was just the beginning. Since banks had also invested large portions of their client’s savings in the stock market, these banks were forced to close after the crash. People rushed to the banks that were still open to withdraw their money which caused even more banks to close. Those who didn’t rush to the bank in time to get their money eventually went bankrupt. Businesses started cutting back their workers’ hours or wages. In turn customer’s began to curb their spending, refraining from purchasing luxury goods. No one was buying which caused even more businesses to close, leaving all workers unemployed. Even farmers were hit pretty hard because of a drought and horrendous dust storms. People looked other places for jobs but many didn’t have cars so they either hitch hiked or “rode the rails”. Many people were homeless and ended up living in what became known as Hoovervilles. They were named after president Hoover, who was blamed personally for the depression.
 * Prohibition 1920-1933-Alcohol was considered the cause of virtually all crime that, on the eve of Prohibition, some towns actually sold their jails. Because the temperance movement taught that alcohol was a poison, it insisted that school books never mention the contradictory fact that alcohol was commonly prescribed by physicians for medicinal and health purposes. Because the temperance movement taught that drinking was sinful, it was forced to confront the contrary fact that Jesus drank wine. Its solution was to insist that Jesus drank grape juice instead of wine. Temperance activists hired a scholar to rewrite the Bible by removing all references to alcoholic beverages. Prohibitionists often advocated strong measures against those who did not comply with prohibition. One suggested that the government distribute poisoned alcoholic beverages to bootleggers and acknowledged that several hundred thousand Americans would die as a result, but thought the cost well-worth the enforcement of prohibition. Other suggested punishments include the following:
 * hung by the tongue beneath an airplane and flown over the country
 * exiled to concentration camps in the Aleutian Islands
 * excluded from any and all churches
 * forbidden to marry
 * tortured
 * branded
 * whipped
 * sterilized
 * tattooed
 * placed in bottle-shaped cages in public squares
 * forced to swallow two ounces of caster oil
 * executed, as well as their progeny to the fourth generation.
 * Japan Attacks China - In 1931, while the Western world was in stuck with the Great Depression, Japan took the opportunity and attacked Chinese Manchuria. The attack violated many treaties made in Tokyo, and it was a obvious violation of the League of Nations covenant. The league met in Geneva and attempted to strengthen itself by inviting the U.S. to be apart of the league. America did not officially join however and went to the meeting unofficially. The meeting in Geneva ended unsuccessfully, as when they tried to remove Japan from China, Japan simply left the league. Americans protested and boycotted, but Hoover didn't want to involve the U.S. in any Eastern conflict. One newspaper said America didn't give, "A hoot in a rain barrel," about who controlled Manchuria. The U.S. put in place the Stimson Doctrine, stating we would not recognize any territorial acquisitions that were achieved by force, so that really showed the Japanese, who were not slowed one bit. Many people boycotted Japanese goods after the bombing of Shanghai with large civilian casualties, however, no one really wanted to go to war over it.

__Major Issues:__
FDR- Said debt was Hoovers fault and he had not done anything to get us out of it. He said he would put in economic stimulus and federal regulations to help get the country back working again. Roosevelt wanted to use the federal government to create jobs and regulate industries to eliminate high unemployment and to prevent a depression from ever reoccurring. No other person had ever thought to use the federal government as a way to create jobs to the extent FDR was proposing before, this was an unprecedented idea. He was the first candidate to use radios as a way to get out his message.

Hoover- He thought the the economy needed time to recover and he was supporting Laze Fair Economic policies which just means that the Government doesn't help the private sector at all. Hoover also didn't know what to do about Prohibition. However, by the of his term, Hoover fought for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) which helped people indirectly by aiding companies, states, organizations, and banks.

Results: FDR won in a landslide. He won the electral vote with 42 states while Hoover only had 6.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic- 472 Electoral Votes 22,821,857 Poplular Votes Herbert C. Hoover Republican- 59 Electoral Votes 15,761,841 Popular Votes



__**PRODUCT**__ Here is our remake of the 2012 Obama/Romney campaign poster and sign.

__**Democratic National Convention**__ The 1932 Democratic convention was were Franklin Delano Roosevelt gave his acceptance speech for the democratic nominee for president. It included speakers such as Beulah Rebecca Hooks Hannah Tingley (first woman speaker at the Democratic National Convention). Franklin's contender for the presidential nomination was Al Smith, who was huge in Chicago. Mayor of Chicago, Anton Cermak, was also a Smith follower, so had tried to pack the stadium with other Smith followers. All in all it was a good day for Roosevelt.

__**Republican National Convention**__ The Republican Convention of 1932 took place June 14-16, in Chicago, Illinois, in Chicago Stadium. On the ballot, there were four candidates for the Republican Presidential Nominees. The “favorite” and winner was President Herbert Hoover with 98% of the delegate vote, behind him was Senator John J. Blaine, then it was former President Calvin Coolidge, then former Senator Joseph Irwin France, then in tied for last with one vote each were former Vice President Charles G. Dawes, and former Senator James Wolcott Wadsworth, Jr. Besides that, people made their speeches Hoover made a promise to “balance the budget” and the whole think was very uneventful and boring.

__**Assessment**__ The Election of 1932 was a change in the political views of the parties a major change in the American economy. It lead to the end of the great depression and was a major event in the U.S. History. Shortly after the election of FDR prohibition had ended and people were free to drink again :D. We believe that one of the main reasons that Roosevelt had won, was because everyone in America had blamed president Hoover for the great depression. Also was because the people of America championed Franklin's ideas over Hoovers. I believe that if Hoover was reelected, then america might have ended up the same way, but he wasn't so who cares. FDR was awesome!!!!!!!

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<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Bailey, Thomas A., David M. Kennedy, and Lizabeth Cohen. "Chapter 35: The Politics of Boom and Bust." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">The American Pageant //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. 11th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

"1932 Presidential Election." Presidential Election of 1932. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. < http://www.270towin.com/1932_Election/  >